Adaptive data rate algorithms for LoRaWAN

<p dir="ltr">Simulations in ns-3 were run to produce the figures submitted. For our simulations, we used up to seven gateway nodes, one network server node and between 100 and 300 end nodes in a 10 km × 10 km network, sending data packets at different time intervals. We coded our algorithms inside the ADR component code of the ns-3 LoRaWAN module. We analysed the system performance of different ADR models, namely, the standard ADR model, which we term Semtech-ADR, the ADR model implemented in the ns-3 LoRaWAN module, which we term ns-3-ADR and our proposed fuzzy logic-based ADR known as FL-ADR. We performed two different evaluations and analyses. In the first evaluation, we used 100 EDs and changed the Application Data Packet Rate to transmit 1 packet per 300 s, 600 s, 900 s, 1200 s and 1500 s. In the second evaluation, we kept the application data rate constant at 1 packet per 600 s and varied the number of EDs to 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 and analysed the performance. The simulation was configured to simulate for 3.3 h.</p>