Metagenome assembly data, physical and chemical characteristics, and paralogous genes of marine microbial community samples collected on the 2021 Marion Island relief voyage

This dataset consist of sheets illustrating marine microbial community samples.

Sheet/ Table S1: Quality and depths of the 228 high and medium quality MAGs from the SIO. Fmax = Fluorescence maximum; OMZ = Oxygen minimum zone; Deep = Deep; 5 m = Surface. ‘S’ and ‘CR’ represent samples taken from the underway system between South Africa and Marion Island, while ‘T’ represents samples from the ‘T-transect’ and ‘X’ and ‘MT’ represent samples from the ‘X-M transect’ taken around the PEIs.

Sheet/ Table S2: Physical factors for all sample sites at each depth, as well as the water masses each sample belongs to. Fmax = Fluorescence maximum; OMZ = Oxygen minimum zone; Deep = Deep; 5 m = Surface; N/A: non-applicable (measurements were not taken for the site). ‘S’ and ‘CR’ represent samples taken from the underway system between South Africa and Marion Island, while ‘T’ represents samples from the ‘T-transect’ and ‘X’ and ‘MT’ represent samples from the ‘X-M transect’ taken around the PEIs. SASW = subantarctic Surface Water; AASW = Antarctic Surface Waters; AAIW = Antarctic Intermediate Water; CDW = Circumpolar Deep Water; AABW = Antarctic Bottom Water. 

Sheet/ Table S3: Concentrations of nutrients (µmol/L) for all sample sites at each depth. Fmax = Fluorescence maximum; OMZ = Oxygen minimum zone; Deep = Deep; 5 m = Surface; BD = below detection limit; N/A = non-applicable (measurements were not taken for the site). ‘S’ and ‘CR’ represent samples taken from the underway system between South Africa and Marion Island, while ‘T’ represents samples from the ‘T-transect’ and ‘X’ and ‘MT’ represent samples from the ‘X-M transect’ taken around the PEIs.

Sheet/ Table S4: Potential extracellular enzyme activities (nmoles/hr/ml) for all sample sites at each depth. Fmax = Fluorescence maximum; OMZ = Oxygen minimum zone; Deep = Deep; 5 m = Surface. ‘S’ and ‘CR’ represent samples taken from the underway system between South Africa and Marion Island, while ‘T’ represents samples from the ‘T-transect’ and ‘X’ and ‘MT’ represent samples from the ‘X-M transect’ taken around the PEIs. Outliers were excluded for N-acetylglucosaminidase and alkaline phosphatase.

Sheet/ Table S5: Classification of each of the 228 metagenome-assembled genomes using GTDB-tk.

Sheet/ Table S6: Paralog pathway completeness of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous and sulphur cycles, as well as methanogenesis and methane oxidation.