Systematically examining the transport mechanisms and pathways of various environmental and artificial tracers in the anthropogenically altered fractured vadose zone

This study addresses these challenges by integrating environmental tracers (δ¹⁸O, δ²H, and ³H), water quality assessments, and analytical modelling to improve the understanding of contaminant transport dynamics in an open-pit quarry environment. By developing a conceptual site model (CSM), this research illustrates the impact of mining activities on groundwater flow and contaminant pathways and provides critical insights for sustainable groundwater management and quarry closure planning. The findings contribute to enhancing groundwater vulnerability assessments and ensuring better-informed water resource management strategies in anthropogenically altered landscapes.